Onchain Infra · Any chain
The Onchain Stack, Mapped
From consensus to agents: what each piece does, how they depend on each other, and who builds them. Tempo is one reference implementation.
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Categories
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Components
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Dependencies mapped
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Flows to trace
How It Fits Together
Lines point from a component to what it builds on.
How to read it
Each line means “builds on”.
Hover a component to light up what it depends on and what depends on it. Pick a flow to trace a transaction through the stack.
Most depended on
7 Categories, 22 Components
Each component opens its own page.
Top of the stack · what users touch
Markets & Payments
What the stack is for
Access
How people and businesses get in
Assets & Trust
What moves, and who may hold it
Data & Tooling
Reading, pricing and building on chain
Scaling & Interop
Many chains, one network of money
Blockspace
How transactions get in, and what they cost
Settlement
Where transactions become final
Foundation · settlement
Same Stack, Different Choices
How four chains fill the same components.
| Component | Ethereum | Solana | Base | Tempo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consensus | PoS, final in ~13 min | PoS, ~400ms slots | Inherits Ethereum | BFT, final in ~0.5s |
| Execution | EVM | SVM, parallel | EVM | EVM + payment precompiles |
| Data Availability | Integrated + blobs | Integrated | Ethereum blobs | Integrated |
| Gas & Fees | ETH, EIP-1559 | SOL + priority fees | ETH, L2 + L1 data fee | Stablecoins, bounded |
| Blockspace & Ordering | PBS via MEV-Boost | Leader + Jito | Central sequencer | Payment lanes |
| Wallets & Accounts | EOA + 4337 / 7702 | Keypairs | EOA + smart wallets | Native passkey accounts |
| Exchange & Liquidity | Apps (Uniswap, Curve) | Apps + Jupiter | Apps (Aerodrome, Uniswap) | Enshrined stablecoin DEX |
Reference Stack: Tempo
Tooling and shipping cadence of one payments-first chain.
$ curl -fsSL https://tempo.xyz/install | bash
$ tempo wallet login
$ tempo wallet services
discover paid APIs
$ tempo request --max-spend 0.10 https://api.example.dev/forecast
402 → paid $0.01 → 200 OK
$ tempo download
chain snapshot for faster sync
SDKs
API
AI tooling
T1
Mainnet gas params
T2
Compound policies
T3
Access keys v2 · virtual addresses
T4
Consensus in header
T5
Enshrined MPP channels
T6
Receive policies · admin keys
T7
Dynamic base fee · storage credits
T8
DEX V2 orders
T9
Provable policy bindings
T10
Enshrined ZoneFactory
T11
5-min expiring nonces
T12
MPP for closed-loop coins
Named hardforks land on the Moderato testnet first, then mainnet. T12 went live Oct 13, 2026.